Manufacturing printed circuit board assemblies used to be a game of experience and intuition. Veteran process engineers could walk the production floor, look at solder joints, listen to pick-and-place machines, and diagnose problems before they bec...

The concept of a digital twin—a virtual replica that mirrors a physical asset in real-time—has transformed from an academic idea into a practical necessity for modern electronics manufacturing. In PCB assembly facilities worldwide, digital twin tec...